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            <div class="post-toc animated"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81OpenSSH%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="nav-text">一、OpenSSH简介</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="nav-text">1. 简介</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96"><span class="nav-text">2. 源码获取</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8DOpenSSH"><span class="nav-text">二、移植OpenSSH</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8Dzlib%E5%BA%93"><span class="nav-text">1. 移植zlib库</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8Dopenssl%E5%BA%93"><span class="nav-text">2. 移植openssl库</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8DOpenSSH"><span class="nav-text">3. 移植OpenSSH</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91-openssh-%E5%BA%93"><span class="nav-text">3.1 交叉编译 openssh 库  </span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-2-%E5%B0%86-openssh-%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%88%B0%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E6%9D%BF%E4%B8%AD"><span class="nav-text">3.2 将 openssh 相关文件拷贝到开发板中  </span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-3-openssh%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE"><span class="nav-text">3.3 openssh设置</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-3-1-%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0-sshd-%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7"><span class="nav-text">3.3.1 添加 sshd 用户  </span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-3-2-%E5%9C%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E6%9D%BF%E4%B8%8A%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%A7%98%E9%92%A5%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-text">3.3.2 在开发板上生成秘钥文件  </span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#4-%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8openssh"><span class="nav-text">4. 启动openssh</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81ssh%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8"><span class="nav-text">三、ssh登录使用</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-MobaXterm%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E6%9D%BF"><span class="nav-text">1. MobaXterm登录开发板</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-ubuntu%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E6%9D%BF"><span class="nav-text">2. ubuntu登录开发板</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-scp%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6"><span class="nav-text">3. scp命令拷贝文件</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
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          LV07-03-openssh-移植
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows版本</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu版本</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">终端软件</td>        <td align="left">MobaXterm(Professional Edition v23.0 Build 5042 (license))</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux 阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Win32DiskImager</td>        <td align="left">Win32DiskImager v1.0</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">buildroot</td>        <td align="left">2023.05.1版本</td>      </tr></table>
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            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">官方网站</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td>        <td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxp.com.cn/ </a></td>        <td align="left">NXP官方网站</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxpic.org.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxpic.org.cn/</a></td><td align="left">NXP 官方社区</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a></td><td align="left">u-boot官网</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.kernel.org/" target="_blank">https://www.kernel.org/</a></td><td align="left">linux内核官网</td>    </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="4">NXP</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx" target="_blank">https://github.com/nxp-imx</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP imx开发资源GitHub组织，里边会有u-boot和linux内核的仓库</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">在线阅读linux kernel源码</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga" target="_blank">nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP linux内核仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga" target="_blank">nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP u-boot仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">I.MX6ULL</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/docs/en/data-sheet/IMX6ULLIEC.pdf" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications Processors for Industrial Products</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 芯片手册（datasheet，可以在线查看）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/webapp/Download?colCode=IMX6ULLRM&lang_cd=zh" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications ProcessorReference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 参考手册（下载后才能查看，需要登录NXP官网）</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
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<p>有时候我们需要远程登录到开发板上对系统进行一些操作，这个时候就要使用到 SSH 服务。 SSH 是较可靠、专为远程登录会话和其他网络服务提供安全性的协议， OpenSSH 是 SSH 协议的免费开源版本，本节笔记就是在开发板中移植 OpenSSH，实现 SSH 服务。  </p>
<h1 id="一、OpenSSH简介"><a href="#一、OpenSSH简介" class="headerlink" title="一、OpenSSH简介"></a><font size=3>一、OpenSSH简介</font></h1><h2 id="1-简介"><a href="#1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. 简介"></a><font size=3>1. 简介</font></h2><p>SSH 全称为 Secure Shell(安全外壳协议，简称 SSH)，是一种加密的网络传输协议，用于在不安全的网络中为网络服务提供安全的传输环境。 SSH 功能很强大，但是最常用的还是用于远程登录。 OpenSSH 是 SSH 协议的具体实现， OpenSSH 是一款开源、免费的 SSH 软件，提供了服务器端后台程序和客户端工具， OpenSSH 提供了很多程序，常用有以下几个：  </p>
<p>（1）ssh：ssh 软件用于替换 rlogin 与 Telnet。</p>
<p>（2）scp 和 sftp：将文件复制到其他主机上，用于替换 rcp。</p>
<p>（3）sshd：SSH 服务器。  </p>
<h2 id="2-源码获取"><a href="#2-源码获取" class="headerlink" title="2. 源码获取"></a><font size=3>2. 源码获取</font></h2><p>这里我们一共需要移植三个软件包： zlib、 openssl 和 openssh。依次到这三个软件的官网下载对应的源码，官网如下：  </p>
<p>（1）zlib 官网：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.zlib.net/">zlib Home Site</a></p>
<p>（2）openssl 官网：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.openssl.org/source/">&#x2F;source&#x2F;index.html (openssl.org)</a></p>
<p>（3）openssh 官网：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.openssh.com/">OpenSSH</a></p>
<p>前面两个前边都有移植过，就不赘述了，我们看一下OpenSSH官网：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806111201646.png" alt="image-20230806111201646" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>可以看到当前最新的版本是9.3p2。我们可以在这里下载源码：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.openssh.com/releasenotes.html#9.3p2">OpenSSH: Release Notes</a></p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806111448332.png" alt="image-20230806111448332" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>这两种包应该就是加密方式不同，功能应该是一样的。我就直接下载下边的SHA256的了，因为我发现前边移植openssl的时候我下载的openssl也有一个SHA256的标识，暂时还不知道这些需不需要对应，但是还是对应一下吧，万一有啥坑呢。下载完后解压会有很多文件：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806111753752.png" alt="image-20230806111753752" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h1 id="二、移植OpenSSH"><a href="#二、移植OpenSSH" class="headerlink" title="二、移植OpenSSH"></a><font size=3>二、移植OpenSSH</font></h1><h2 id="1-移植zlib库"><a href="#1-移植zlib库" class="headerlink" title="1. 移植zlib库"></a><font size=3>1. 移植zlib库</font></h2><p>可以看前边的笔记。</p>
<h2 id="2-移植openssl库"><a href="#2-移植openssl库" class="headerlink" title="2. 移植openssl库"></a><font size=3>2. 移植openssl库</font></h2><p>可以看前边的笔记。</p>
<h2 id="3-移植OpenSSH"><a href="#3-移植OpenSSH" class="headerlink" title="3. 移植OpenSSH"></a><font size=3>3. 移植OpenSSH</font></h2><p>这里主要就是编译和安装啦。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-交叉编译-openssh-库"><a href="#3-1-交叉编译-openssh-库" class="headerlink" title="3.1 交叉编译 openssh 库  "></a><font size=3>3.1 交叉编译 openssh 库  </font></h3><p>我们执行以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/5ALPHA/openssh-9.3p2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf \</span><br><span class="line">		   --with-libs --with-zlib=/home/hk/5ALPHA/zlib-1.2.13/zlib_output \</span><br><span class="line">		   --with-ssl-dir=/home/hk/5ALPHA/openssl-1.1.1v/openssl_output \</span><br><span class="line">		   --disable-etcdefault-login \</span><br><span class="line">		   CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \</span><br><span class="line">		   AR=arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar</span><br><span class="line">make # </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>在配置 openssh 的过程中，“--with-zlib”参数用于指定 zlib 库所在的目录，“--with-ssl-dir”参数用于指定 openssl 库所在的目录，编译 openssh 的时候不用“make install”。编译完成后，是应该会在源码目录下生成以下文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scp sftp ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-keygen ssh-keyscan</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们可以看一下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/5ALPHA/openssh-9.3p2cd </span><br><span class="line">ls -alh scp sftp ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-keygen ssh-keyscan sshd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806112823905.png" alt="image-20230806112823905" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h3 id="3-2-将-openssh-相关文件拷贝到开发板中"><a href="#3-2-将-openssh-相关文件拷贝到开发板中" class="headerlink" title="3.2 将 openssh 相关文件拷贝到开发板中  "></a><font size=3>3.2 将 openssh 相关文件拷贝到开发板中  </font></h3><p>openssh 交叉编译完成以后在开发板根文件系统中创建如下所示目录（如果存在的话就不需要创建）：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/4nfs/buildroot/</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p usr/local/bin</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p usr/local/sbin</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p usr/local/libexec</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p usr/local/etc</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p var/run</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p var/empty</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>上边这些命令是在ubuntu中的nfs根文件系统中执行的，后续介意直接写进开发板的根文件系统。创建完毕后我们将下边这些文件拷贝到 &#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;bin  目录中</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/5ALPHA/openssh-9.3p2</span><br><span class="line">cp scp sftp ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-keygen ssh-keyscan ~/4nfs/buildroot/usr/local/bin/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>将如下文件拷贝到开发板的&#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;sbin 目录下 ：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/5ALPHA/openssh-9.3p2</span><br><span class="line">cp sshd ~/4nfs/buildroot/usr/local/sbin/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>将如下文件拷贝到开发板的&#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;etc 目录下：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/5ALPHA/openssh-9.3p2</span><br><span class="line">cp moduli ssh_config sshd_config ~/4nfs/buildroot/usr/local/etc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>将如下文件拷贝到开发板的&#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;libexec 目录下：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/5ALPHA/openssh-9.3p2</span><br><span class="line">cp sftp-server ssh-keysign ~/4nfs/buildroot/usr/local/etc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后就是创建软连接，进入开发板中的&#x2F;bin 目录下，输入如下命令创建软连接（这部分需要在开发板的串口终端下操作）：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /bin/</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/local/bin/scp</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/local/bin/sftp</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/local/bin/ssh</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/local/bin/ssh-add</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/local/bin/ssh-agent</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/local/bin/ssh-keygen</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/local/bin/ssh-keyscan</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们查看一下创建情况：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls -alh scp sftp ssh ssh-add ssh-agent ssh-keygen ssh-keyscan</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806113943540.png" alt="image-20230806113943540" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>再进入开发板的&#x2F;sbin 目录下，输入如下命令创建软连接：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /sbin/</span><br><span class="line">ln -s /usr/local/sbin/sshd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806114038415.png" alt="image-20230806114038415" style="zoom:48%;" />

<p>软连接创建完成以后就可以直接调用上面 ssh 相关命令了。在开发板串口终端打开 &#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;etc&#x2F;sshd_config 文件，找到“#PermitRootLogin”所在行，将其改为“PermitRootLogin yes”。    </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806114252117.png" alt="image-20230806114252117" style="zoom: 60%;" />

<h3 id="3-3-openssh设置"><a href="#3-3-openssh设置" class="headerlink" title="3.3 openssh设置"></a><font size=3>3.3 openssh设置</font></h3><h4 id="3-3-1-添加-sshd-用户"><a href="#3-3-1-添加-sshd-用户" class="headerlink" title="3.3.1 添加 sshd 用户  "></a><font size=3>3.3.1 添加 sshd 用户  </font></h4><p>首先添加“sshd”用户，在使用 adduser 命令添加 sshd 用户的时候需要检查一些文件或目录是否存在。如果第一次添加用户的话要先将 ubuntu 下的&#x2F;etc&#x2F;passwd 和&#x2F;etc&#x2F;group 这两个文件复制到开发板根文件系统的对应目录，命令如下：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo cp -f /etc/passwd  ~/4nfs/buildroot/etc/ </span><br><span class="line">sudo cp -f /etc/group ~/4nfs/buildroot/etc/ </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806114646846.png" alt="image-20230806114646846" style="zoom: 50%;" />

<p>然后修改开发板根文件系统中的&#x2F;etc&#x2F;passwd 和&#x2F;etc&#x2F;group 这两个文件，只保留“root”这一项。 passwd 文件“root”行最后改为“&#x2F;bin&#x2F;sh”， 修改后的 passwd 和 group 文件内容如图  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806115439407.png" alt="image-20230806115439407" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>另外还需要创建几个目录和文件，都是在开发板的串口终端执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir /home</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p /usr/share/empty</span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p /var/log</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>当所需的文件都存在以后就可以使用 adduser 创建名为“sshd”的用户了，创建 sshd 用户的时候需要设置密码，一定要记得这个密码，这里我设置简单一点，为“123456”，创建过程如图  :</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806115603426.png" alt="image-20230806115603426" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h4 id="3-3-2-在开发板上生成秘钥文件"><a href="#3-3-2-在开发板上生成秘钥文件" class="headerlink" title="3.3.2 在开发板上生成秘钥文件  "></a><font size=3>3.3.2 在开发板上生成秘钥文件  </font></h4><p>一切准备好以后我们还需要在开发板中生成秘钥文件，使用我们上面移植 openssh 所编译出来的 ssh-keygen 软件即可。从串口终端进入到开发板的 &#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;etc 目录下，输入如下所示命令生成秘钥文件，由于 IMX6ULL 性能比较差，有些秘钥文件生成过程可以会有点耗时，打开几十秒： </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /usr/local/etc</span><br><span class="line">ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ssh_host_rsa_key -N &quot;&quot;</span><br><span class="line">ssh-keygen -t dsa -f ssh_host_dsa_key -N &quot;&quot;</span><br><span class="line">ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f ssh_host_ecdsa_key -N &quot;&quot;</span><br><span class="line">ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ssh_host_ed25519_key -N &quot;&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p> 完成以后就会在&#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;etc 目录下产生 8 个以“ssh_host_”开头的秘钥文件，如图 :</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806115952906.png" alt="image-20230806115952906" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h3 id="4-启动openssh"><a href="#4-启动openssh" class="headerlink" title="4. 启动openssh"></a><font size=3>4. 启动openssh</font></h3><p>openssh 移植已经移植到了开发板中，我们可以通过 sshd 软件在开发板上搭建 openssh 服务器，然后在其他的主机上通过 ssh 来登录开发板。我们可以同样使用 scp 命令来向开发板传输文件。首先要在开发板上启动 ssh 服务， sshd 软件用于启动 ssh 服务，注意要输入全路径！输入如下命令：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/sbin/sshd # 启动 sshd 服务</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>也可以在 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;init.d&#x2F;rcS 文件中加入如下命令，实现 ssh 服务开机自启动：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/sbin/sshd &amp;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后启动的时候好像就报错了：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806120311058.png" alt="image-20230806120311058" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>好像是权限问题，可以这样处理：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir -p /var/empty/sshd             # 没有这个目录可以直接创建</span><br><span class="line">chown -R root.root /var              # 修改用户组</span><br><span class="line">chown -R root.root /var/empty        # 修改用户组</span><br><span class="line">chown -R root.root /var/empty/sshd   # 修改用户组</span><br><span class="line">chmod 744 /var/empty/sshd            # 修改权限</span><br><span class="line">chmod 744 /var/empty                 # 修改权限</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以使用下边的命令查看一下 &#x2F;var&#x2F;empty&#x2F;sshd 目录情况：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">ls</span> -ld /var</span></span><br><span class="line">drwxr--r--    5 root     root          4096 Aug  6  2023 /var</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">ls</span> -ld /var/empty/</span></span><br><span class="line">drwxr--r--    3 root     root          4096 Aug  6  2023 /var/empty/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">ls</span> -ld /var/empty/sshd/</span></span><br><span class="line">drwxr--r--    2 root     root          4096 Aug  6  2023 /var/empty/sshd/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="三、ssh登录使用"><a href="#三、ssh登录使用" class="headerlink" title="三、ssh登录使用"></a><font size=3>三、ssh登录使用</font></h1><p>启动以后我们就可以使用 XobaXterm、 SecureCRT 等终端软件通过 SSH 服务登录开发板，我们先看一下开发板的ip地址：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">ifconfig</span></span><br><span class="line">eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr B8:AE:1D:01:00:00</span><br><span class="line">          inet addr:192.168.10.102  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0</span><br><span class="line">          inet6 addr: fe80::baae:1dff:fe01:0/64 Scope:Link</span><br><span class="line">          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1</span><br><span class="line">          RX packets:4238 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</span><br><span class="line">          TX packets:3418 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</span><br><span class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000</span><br><span class="line">          RX bytes:4703475 (4.4 MiB)  TX bytes:490768 (479.2 KiB)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">lo        Link encap:Local Loopback</span><br><span class="line">          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0</span><br><span class="line">          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host</span><br><span class="line">          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1</span><br><span class="line">          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</span><br><span class="line">          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</span><br><span class="line">          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0</span><br><span class="line">          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="1-MobaXterm登录开发板"><a href="#1-MobaXterm登录开发板" class="headerlink" title="1. MobaXterm登录开发板"></a><font size=3>1. MobaXterm登录开发板</font></h2><p>我们使用MobaXterm来连接一下试试：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806121730501.png" alt="image-20230806121730501" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>配置完成以后点击“OK”按钮，此时就会打开 ssh 会话框 ，输入 sshd 用户密码：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806121927850.png" alt="image-20230806121927850" style="zoom:60%;" />

<p>可能会弹出是否保存密码对话框，选择保存即可。如果密码正确的话就会登录到开发板上  </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806121850731.png" alt="image-20230806121850731" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>登陆成功的哈如下图所示：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806122017577.png" alt="image-20230806122017577" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h2 id="2-ubuntu登录开发板"><a href="#2-ubuntu登录开发板" class="headerlink" title="2. ubuntu登录开发板"></a><font size=3>2. ubuntu登录开发板</font></h2><p>同样的，我们也可以在 ubuntu 下通过 ssh 命令登录开发板，输入如下命令：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh sshd@192.168.10.102</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后会让输入密码，密码正确就也可以登录开发板啦，前提是ubuntu和开发板在同一网段，可以ping通。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806122300837.png" alt="image-20230806122300837" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>输入“exit”命令即可退出 SSH 会话  </p>
<h2 id="3-scp命令拷贝文件"><a href="#3-scp命令拷贝文件" class="headerlink" title="3. scp命令拷贝文件"></a><font size=3>3. scp命令拷贝文件</font></h2><p>如果我们要向开发板发送一个文件，我们可以通过 TF 卡或者 U 盘来中转，或者通过 tftp 来发送。我们移植 openssh 的时候也编译出来了一个名为“scp”的命令，所以我们可以在开发板中使用 scp 命令向其他主机发送文件，同样的其他主机也可以使用 scp  命令向开发板发送文件。比如我们要把 ubuntu 中的一个文件发送到开发板中，输入如下命令即可：  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scp local_file remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">在ubuntu中执行</span></span><br><span class="line">touch hello.c</span><br><span class="line">scp hello.c sshd@192.168.10.102:/home/sshd/scp_file # /home/sshd/scp_file目录要做存在</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806123113752.png" alt="image-20230806123113752" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>然后我们看一下开发板对应的目录是否已经有这个文件了（下图是在串口终端看的）</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV07-%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E5%BA%93%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/LV07-03-openssh-%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D/img/image-20230806123347761.png" alt="image-20230806123347761" style="zoom:50%;" />

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